Description: This paper examines the effects of selection procedures used in epidemiologic studies and suggests that similar procedures could be employed to select standard ordinary insurance risks at the older ages. The experience in this paper was developed from a prospective epidemiologic investigation launched by the American Cancer Society in the fall of 1959 to learn how personal characteristics, living styles, and environmental conditions influence health and longevity.

Description: Some recent studies have shown a 'crossover' of mortality rates, with female rates exceeding male rates beyond some age around 100. The purpose of this paper is to develop some statistical tests for the significance of observed crossovers. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1986, Vol. 38.